Review of World Bank Lending for Science and Technology, 1980-2004
From the Introduction: "This analysis measures the amount of World Bank lending to support scientific and technological (S&T) research and S&T capacity building. It devises a taxonomy and methodology for identifying such S&T projects, and differentiates these from other World Bank lending that may be more loosely related to science and technology. The analysis also identifies trends in operational support for science and technology. Trends and initial lessons were also identified in recent related Bank reviews, evaluations, and strategy papers: some key tables and boxes are reproduced here with permission, particularly as annexes to this document, for further illustration and to provide concrete examples and policy/activity options for the Bank in the S&T field."
Michael F. Crawford, C. Cesar Yammal, Hongyu Yang, Rebecca L. Brezenoff, The World Bank, January 16, 2006.
Innovation systems : World Bank support of science and technology development
Abstract: "Innovation systems and science and technology (S&T) projects supported by the World Bank have taken on many forms in the past several years. The Bank's involvement in industrial technology projects started in the 1970s, with Israel and Spain numbering among the first countries to receive support in the form of industrial technology development.1 This paper reviews the lessons learned in S&T projects that have been supported by the Bank, with an emphasis on the examples of the past decade (1989-2003). Projects and their components were included in this review if their objectives included the use of scientific and technological knowledge to improve development. The review included 51 project, in an aggregate amount of over US$4.2 billion; this did not include agricultural research projects where the Bank supported a significant amount of projects world-wide. The amounts invested in individual projects ranged from US$3 million to US$300 million, with a mean project size of about US$58 million. This paper first discusses the concept of the knowledge-based economy (KE) and its relation with the S&T sector, and then identifies the main themes of KE projects, groups them by the four pillars of the knowledge economy, and summarizes the key lessons learned. Since the Bank experience is most substantial in the areas of innovation systems and related policy frameworks, this review focuses on industrial technology development and on building national innovation systems. It touches only briefly on the themes of education, and information and communications technology, with the aim only of providing the proper context for the main study. A List of Projects is included in Box 1, and brief descriptions of these projects in Annex B to this report."
Ekaterina Koryukin, Mohini Bhatia, Priyanka Agarwal, nod K. Goel, The World Bank, 2004/04/01
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