The following list of countries is incomplete, leaving out for example Uganda which had a large death toll during the Obote and Idi Amin regimes and the subsequent civil war, not to mention the long term insurgency of the Lords Resistance Army.
Burundi
Marshall (1993-2005): 100,000
White (1993-): 200,000
Uppsala (1994-2005): more than 7,125 battle-related deaths
COW (1993-): 200,000 state participant deaths Ploughshares (1988-2005): 300,000. Figure includes casualties from conflicts prior to beginning of civil war in 1993. This figure is also supported by the estimate in a BBC country profile on Burundi: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1068991.stm.
Peace Pledge (1988-): more than 250,000. Figure includes casualties from conflicts prior to beginning of civil war in 1993.
300,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Chad
Marshall (1965-1994): 75,000
White: Mentions a Centre for Defense Information (CDI) estimate of 50,000 to 100,000 over the period 1965 to 1997
Uppsala (1965-1990): 33,800
Ploughshares (1965—2005): more than 50,000
COW (1966-1988): 14,237
Marshall’s figure of 75,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Democratic Republic of Congo
Marshall (1996-2005): 1,500,000
White (1998-2003): 3,800,000
Uppsala (1996-2001): more than 7,850 battle-related deaths. Total death due to violence may be as high as 3.8 million (since 1998) according to a 2004 survey by the International Rescue Committee.
Ploughshares (1998-2004): 3,800,000
Peace Pledge (1998-2003): 2,500,000
3,800,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Ethiopia
Marshall (1974-1991): 750,000
White: mentions a 27 January 2000 Washington Post article which estimates as many as 1 million deaths under Mengistu government (1974-91).
Uppsala (1969-1991): more than 100,000
COW (1974-1991): 150,000
750,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Ethiopia-Eritrea
Marshall (1998-2000): 100,000
Uppsala (1998-2003): Maybe over 100,000. more than 30,000 dead in 1999.
Ploughshares (1998-2000): 70,000-120,000
Peace Pledge (1998-2002): more than 100,000
100,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Rwanda
Marshall (1994): 500,000
White (1994): 937,000
Uppsala (1994): 500,000-800,000 non-battle-related deaths
COW (1994): 500,000 state participant deaths Ploughshares (1994): 500,000-1,000,000
Peace Pledge (1994-1995): 1,000,000
850,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Somalia
Marshall (1988-2006): 100,000
White (1991-2005): 400,000
Uppsala (1982-2002): more than 64,000
COW (1982-1997): 95,018 state participant deaths Ploughshares (1988-2005): 400,000
Peace Pledge (1988-2005): 355,000
300,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Sudan (Darfur)
Marshall (2003-2005): 120,000
White (2002-2005): mentions UN report (2004) of 70,000 deaths and UN report (2005) of 180,000 deaths.
Uppsala (2002-2005): 5,500 battle-related deaths. Estimated 180,000 to 300,000 dead in the humanitarian crisis following the eruption of the civil conflict in Darfur.
Ploughshares (2002-2005): 5,000. Additional 70,000 died from malnutrition and disease.
Marshall’s figure of 120,000 is taken as the best estimate.
Sudan (North-South)
Marshall (1983-2002): 1,000,000The total conflect related deaths in these countries was perhaps eight and one quarter million people. There seems to be no alternative to the conclusion that the United Nations system is not working to limit conflict in the region.
White (1983-2004): 1,900,000
Uppsala (1983-2004): more than 53,500 battle-related deaths
COW (1983-): 1,300,000 state participant deaths Ploughshares (1983-2004): 2,000,000
Peace Pledge (1984-2002): 2,000,000
2,000,000 is taken as the best estimate.
A high priority for the Obama administration should be leading the world in the development of an institution that would limit the killing in this region of Africa! Susan Rice, who has been named as the administration's Ambassador to the United Nations would seem well chosen to lead this effort. One hopes that Barack Obama, with immediate relatives living in Kenya may give this the priority it deserves for humanitarian reasons.
No comments:
Post a Comment