It is dangerous to compare the small nations in Europe with the much larger United States in terms of percentage of GDP spent on research and development since lots of R&D takes place in centers of excellence; one might compare a portion of California or New England with Sweden or Switzerland. Moroever, the GDP of the United States is much larger than that of the smaller countries.
On the other hand, the growth of R&D focusing on technological innovation in Asia is striking.
I suspect that there is also a question of the ability of different societies not just to patent inventions, but to profit from patents.
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