Misgovernment and Knowledge

In her 1984 book, The March of Folly: From Troy to Vietnam, Barbara Tuchman cites four forms of misgovernment:

1. tyranny or oppression
2. excessive ambition
3. incompetence or decadence
4. folly or perversity

She recognizes that they may be found in combination.

I suppose any or all of these may be causes of failure to obtain information, failure to internalize that information in the form of knowledge, failure to draw the proper conclusions from that knowledge about the appropriate course of action, or failure to act according to those conclusions.